Ocular Herpes

Shingles and Cold Sores affecting the eye

How can herpes viruses affect the eye?

The virus known to cause chicken pox and shingles (herpes zoster, or VZV) along with the virus known to cause cold sores (herpes simplex virus type 1, or HSV-1) are both known to affect the eyes. To be clear, though related, they are different from the virus implicated in the sexually transmitted disease (STD) known to cause genital warts (herpes simplex virus type 2, or HSV-2). These viruses are all within the same herpes family of viruses, but how they affect the body is notably different.

Medical complications of ocular herpes include:

  • Corneal ulcer

  • Corneal edema

  • Glaucoma

  • Cataracts

  • Uveitis

  • Retinitis

There are several possible consequences of ocular herpes, including:

  • pain, redness

  • light sensitivity

  • decreased vision

Left untreated, the ocular manifestations of herpes may lead to blindness. It is important to consult an ophthalmologist to ensure timely and appropriate treatment.

How often does the herpes virus affect the eye?

About two-thirds of the world population under the age of 50 has HSV-1. In the United States, about 47.8% and 11.9% are believed to have HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. Almost every person in the United States has been exposed to Herpes Zoster (VZV). Though our exposure to this virus is extremely common, those that go on to develop ocular manifestations of the virus are rare.

Most people know of herpes as causing blistering, red and irritated spots on the skin. This may form as cold sores around the mouth (as with HSV-1), or on the skin (as with herpes zoster, seen in both chicken pox and shingles). However, it is possible to have ocular herpes without any other findings.

 

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An eye exam is the best way to screen for, and evaluate any eye conditions affecting your health, comfort, and quality of vision.